Each person is unique, and each disability affects each person differently. The information in this section is a very simple overview of some common disabilities. It is aimed to provide a starting point for more research. Use the assessment tools to learn as much as you can about the individual. The person with the disability and/or their caregiver will understand their abilities better than anyone else.

A congenital disorder caused by an extra copy of the 21st chromosome existing in every cell. Although there are common characteristics, any individual will have a unique mix of these and will therefore have unique abilities, appearance, and personalities.

Down’s syndrome is a lifelong condition that causes delays in learning and acquiring skills, and delays in development. It may also affect behaviours, making it more difficult to control impulses and manage emotions to varying degrees.

People with Down’s Syndrome may, along with family features, also exhibit certain physical characteristics such as a flat face, particularly the nose, small mouth with the tongue sticking out, flat back of the head, small fingers and toes. They may also have low muscle tone and loose joints. Vision and hearing can also be affected.

About 1 in 10 people with Down’s Syndrome have another cognitive disability such as ADHD or Autistic Spectrum disorder.