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Table of Contents
Each person is unique, and each disability affects each person differently. The information in this section is a very simple overview of some common disabilities. It is aimed to provide a starting point for more research. Use the assessment tools to learn as much as you can about the individual. The person with the disability and/or their caregiver will understand their abilities better than anyone else.
Spina-Bifida
Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the two sides of an embryo’s spine do not join together, leaving an open area. This can result in the spinal cord pushing through the opening into the embryo’s back, creating a lesion. Damage to the nerves may affect muscle control (especially in the legs, bowel, and bladder) and sensation in these areas similarly to a spinal cord injury.
The mildest form, where the spinal cord is often unaffected and hidden.
This includes meningocele and myelomeningocele.
The most severe form where the spinal cord protrudes through the opening. Babies with this condition often also have hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain cavities requiring a shunt to drain the fluid.
Teaching Considerations
- After significant falls, check for headaches or double vision due to hydrocephalus, and seek medical attention if present.
- Be cautious of a latex allergy, as latex is sometimes used in sticking plaster and medical gloves.
- If Harrington Rods are present, reduce the likelihood of high-impact landings.
Common Red Flags
- Bladder problems
- Shunt
- Latex allergy
- Affected muscle control